The longstanding US-China science and technology cooperation agreement is set to expire, raising concerns about the future of scientific collaboration. The agreement, which facilitated joint research and shared research centers, is being reevaluated due to fears that China has gained a military advantage through its scientific ties with the US. While the US State Department has been slow to renew the agreement, China has become a leading partner in scientific research, challenging US dominance. The potential lapse marks a significant shift in the US-China relationship and could impact global scientific innovation.