According to a study conducted by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the previous pension scheme in India has been found to be 4.5 times more costly compared to the current National Pension System (NPS). This revelation underscores the financial implications of the older pension plan, which was replaced by the NPS due to concerns about its sustainability and fiscal burden. The study sheds light on the significant cost differential between the two systems and highlights the efficiency and fiscal prudence of the NPS in managing pension liabilities. This information may have important implications for policymakers and authorities as they continue to evaluate and refine pension schemes in the country, aiming for fiscal responsibility and sustainability while ensuring the welfare of retirees.