Israel is considering a ground assault on Gaza in response to attacks by Hamas, risking close-quarters combat in densely populated areas. The Israeli government announced plans to cut off water supply to Gaza as part of a “complete siege.” Experts predict a large-scale joint operation involving air, sea, land, and space forces, targeting Hamas command centers and preparing for urban fighting. The challenges of urban warfare include hand-to-hand combat, reduced visibility, booby-trapped buildings, and difficulties in situational awareness. The Gaza Strip’s tunnel network, known as the “Gaza Metro,” poses additional challenges for Israeli forces, with the possibility of secret and booby-trapped tunnels.