The general theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of gravity, encompassing phenomena from gravitational waves to black holes. However, as we explore the universe on a larger scale, we encounter two enigmatic entities: dark matter and dark energy. Dark energy, constituting 70% of the universe’s energy since the Big Bang, exerts a repulsive force, contrasting with gravity’s attractive nature. Conversely, dark matter, inferred from gravitational effects on galaxies, remains undetected but crucial for explaining their rotational dynamics.