The Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) has instructed the commerce ministry to assess the model text of the bilateral investment treaty (BIT) and propose amendments to enhance the ease of conducting business. This directive gains significance as only seven nations have endorsed the current model text, with developed countries expressing reservations, particularly concerning dispute resolution provisions. Investment treaties play a crucial role in safeguarding and fostering investments between nations. Notably, India faced setbacks in two international arbitration cases against Vodafone and Cairn Energy due to retrospective tax imposition.