The Karnataka High Court has ruled provisions requiring international workers to contribute to the provident fund and pension scheme as unconstitutional and arbitrary. The decision, likely to face challenges, affects expatriates regardless of salary. Petitioners argued the disparity in treatment between international and domestic workers violated Article 14 of the Constitution. The ruling poses challenges regarding contributions, refunds, and tax implications. The judgment emphasized the discriminatory nature of the contribution requirement and dismissed the government’s reciprocity argument based on social security agreements.